Clostridium diseases in animals
1. Black quarter :- Click here
2. Tetanus:- Click here
3. Enterotoxaemia :- Click here
4. Bacillary haemoglobinuria:- Click here
5. Botulism
6. Braxy
7. Infectious Necrotic hepatitis
8. Malignant oedema
Organism | Disease |
Cl. chauvoei | Black quarter/ black leg |
Cl. tetani | Tetanus |
Cl. perfringens | Enterotoxaemia |
Cl. septicum | Braxy, malignant edema (gas agangrene) |
Cl. haemolyticum | Bovine bacillary haemoglobinuria / red water disease |
Cl. novyi | Black disease |
Cl. botulinum | Botulism |
ENTEROTOXAEMIA
⇒ This is primarily an infectious disease of ruminants that results due to absorption of certain bacterial toxins which is being formed on intestine.
ETIOLOGY
⇒ Enterotoxaemia is caused by Clostridium perfringens that
produces toxins, starting from A to F of which A,B,C,D,E are important.
Clostridium
perfringens Type-A
⇒ It
produces toxins.
⇒ Enterotoxaemic jaundice
is seen in sheep and cattle.
⇒ This
is characterized by intense icterus, haemoglobinuria and haemoglobinaemia.
⇒ The
affected animal will show respiratory distress and bloody foam from mouth and
nostrils.
⇒ Pulmonary
emphysema may occur due to type-A infection.
Clostridium
perfringens Type-B
Synonym: Lamb dysentery
⇒ The
organisms produce disease known as lamb dysentery.
⇒ Besides
lambs, the disease has been reported in colts and calves.
⇒ Organisms
produce Alfa,
beta, epsilon toxins.
⇒ The
beta toxin produces enteritis and epsilon toxin affect the neural tissues.
⇒ The
disease is characterized by severe dysentery, abdominal pain, spasm and aimless
wandering.
⇒ Per
acute case will lead to sudden death without showing any clinical
manifestation.
⇒ Small necrotic areas,
surrounded by zone of haemorrhages are noted in the intestinal mucosa. There is
enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Liver is enlarged and Friable.
⇒ Diagnosis
can be made based on the changes in the intestinal mucosa and demonstration of
toxin by mouse inoculation test.
⇒ Immunization
of ewe prior to lambing may prevent lamb dysentery
Clostridium perfringens Type-C
Synonyms: Struck
⇒ It affect sheep goat cattle.
⇒ It produces haemorrhagic Enterotoxaemia which
is an acute disease of young calves .
⇒ Ig produces both alfa and beta toxins.
⇒ Excess feeding of milk causing intestinal
stasis favours the multiplication of the organism. And thereby production of
toxins.
⇒ The clinical signs include abdominal pain,
weakness, depression, failure to nurse and haemorrhagic diarrhoea.
⇒ Oral
antibiotics can be used as treatment.
Clostridium perfringens
Type-D
Synonym: Pulpy kidney
disease.
⇒ It
is primary disease of sheep but cattle and goat are occasionally affected.
⇒ It
produces alfa toxins.
⇒ Young
sheep and calf are affected.
⇒ There
is diffused reddening of abomasal mucosa, sub-enocardial and myocardial haemorrhages.
The C.N.S may be affected. For this the
animal may become blind. Sheep may show signs of glycosuria. Stay colored fluid
in peritoneal, pericardial and pleural sac.
⇒ In
sheep: The disease is known as pulpy
kidney disease. The affected lamb may jump in air and fall in the ground ,
go into the convulsion and die within few minutes. The sheep that dies suddenly may not show any
post mortem lesion.
⇒ There
is softening of kidney. Kidney changes
develop in 3-4 hours following death.
⇒ Broad
spectrum antibiotics like chlortetracycline
can be used.
Clostridium
perfringens Type-E
⇒ It produces alfa and beta toxin.
⇒ There is fatal infection leading to death.
⇒ There is haemorrhagic changes in the
intestine.
Clostridium
perfringens Type-F
⇒ The organism produces potent toxin and causes diarrhoea in calves and lamb.
⇒ It is not certainly known to be the causative agent of any fatal disease of animals.
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