INTRODUCTION
⇒ Discovered
in 1971 in Germany in sentry dogs or guard dogs.
⇒ It
causes a worldwide highly contagious intestinal disease of dogs .
⇒ Mainly
occur along with parvo virus and increase the strength of parvo.
⇒ If
corona attacks alone, death is very less.
⇒ If Corona + Parvo comes=Death chance
is higher.
AETIOLOGICAL AGENT
⇒ Agent—Coronaviridae—Alpha
coronavirus—Canine corona virus (Ccov).
⇒ Positive-sense, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus which is a member of the species Alphacoronavirus 1.
⇒ Corona=Crown
shaped.
⇒ There are
two types of virus, Type 1 and Type 2.
⇒ Type
1—mainly intestinal lesions.
⇒ Type
2 –Respiratory lesions.
Susceptible Host
⇒ Dogs are the
main susceptible host.
⇒ Chances of
infection in pups are high.
⇒ Mortality
depends upon the viral load, stage of emaciation, health status etc.
⇒ In
wild animals, foxes, skunks, racoons, wolves, wild cats can get infection
Route of Infection
⇒ Dogs
are infected via the oronasal route by exposure to infected animals or
their secretions [urine, saliva, faeces, and vomitus] or to fomites.
⇒ In domestic cycle of infection, faeces
of infected dogs is the main reservoir of virus.
Incubation Period
⇒ 1-3
days.
Pathogenesis
Healthy dogs comes into contact with
the faces or urine of infected dogs directly or indirectly.
⇓
Virus gain entry into the body through
Upper Respiratory Tract or Buccal cavity and get lodged into buccal mucosa and
laryngeal lymph nodes.
⇓
In the rapidly dividing cells of
pharyngeal tonsils, they multiply and produce several copies of virus.
⇓
Viral copy comes out of the cell by
breaking the cell.
⇓
They move to lymphatics then to
systemic invasion via veins.
⇓
Most of the virus then get settled in GIT.
⇓
Virus is invades and replicates in the villi
of the S.I (Small intestine).
⇓
Intestinal disease may be related to
virus-induced apoptosis (programmed cell death) of cells of the epithelial
mucosa of the small intestine.
⇓
Corona virus cause serious
gastrointestinal disease
⇓
But now most cases are considered to
be very mild or without symptoms.
⇓
A more serious complication of canine
coronavirus seen when the canine species is also infected by canine parvovirus.
⇓
That’s why infection of the intestinal
villi makes the cells more susceptible to parvovirus infection.
⇓
This causes a much more severe disease
than either virus can separately.
Clinical Signs
⇒ Vomiting,
⇒ Anorexia,
⇒ Pyrexia,
⇒ Dehydration,
⇒ Lethargy,
⇒ Bloody Diarrhea.
⇒ Same as that of Parvo virus
⇒ But the strength is less.
⇒ Much problems won’t appear here.
DIAGNOSIS
⇒ Tentative Diagnosis: History, Clinical feature
⇒ Direct ELISA kit for virus detection in faeces.
⇒ ELISA
⇒ PCR
⇒ RT-PCR
⇒ VNT
⇒ IgM-capture ELISA test is used to
determine recent infection
Treatment
⇒ We all know viral diseases has no
treatment but we provide supportive and symptomatic treatment for prevention of
secondary complication.
Prevention and Control
⇒ Proper Hygiene measure should be
practiced.
⇒ Kennels should be cleaned properly.
⇒ Vaccination should be practiced.
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